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=Outline page=

=**A. Taking Initial** Steps **Toward Unity**=

1.Napoleon raids German Lands
a. Napoleon made territorial changes in German-speaking lands. He dissolved Holy Roman Empire by forcing the emporer of Austria to be king. Napoleon organized some German states into the Rhine Confederation. B. At first people liked him because he freed serfs, made trade easier, and abolished laws against jews. But because he made so many changes, Germans wanted to break free from the French rules and make their own German state. c. At the Congress of Vienna, Metternich pointed out that a united Germany would require dismantling the government of each German state, so they can be one state together. The German Confederation was made( a weak alliance headed by Austria)

2.Economic Changes Promote Unity
a.Zollverein was created in the 1830s. It dismantled tariff barriers between many German states. b. They wanted Frederick William IV from Prussia, but he rejected the throne offered by "the people."

=B. Bismark Unites Germany=

1.Otto Von Bismark
a. Bismark was a diplomat in Russia and France, then was made prime minister. He was soon the highest official in the monarch. b. used "blood and iron" to unite German states

2. Master of Realpolitik
a. power was more important than principals b. Bismark wanted to bring power to the Hohenzollerns

3. Strengthening the Army
a. liberal legislature refused to vote for funds for the military. Bismark then strengthened the army with money that had been collected for other purposes. b. he lead Prussia into three wars, and they grew stronger with each one

4. Prussia Declares War with Denmark and Austria
a. He wanted to form an alliance with Austria. b. Austria and Prussia seized the provinces of Schleswig and Holstein. c. The Austro-Prussian War lasted seven weeks and Prussia won, so they took control of more German states. d.German states broke from Austria and they became two independant states, but it was too risky to conquer Austria.

5.France Declares War on Prussia
a.Back in France Napoleon III was angry that Prussia won, so a rivalry grew and it lead to the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. =﻿= =C. Birth Of The German Empire= 1. North German empire convinced William I of Prussia to take the title of //kaiser// or emperor. 2. In January 1871, German nationalist celebrated the birth of the second //Reich// or empire.